Defining relative clauses exercise 3 make one sentence by changing the sentence in italics into a defining relative clause. Eliminating a restrictive element from a sentence changes its meaning dramatically. Relative clauses are used to state additional information about the noun in the sentence. Relative clauses in english exercises advanced level esl. A clause of this kind is essential to the clear understanding of the noun. Relative clauses nondefining relative clauses grammar. As the name suggests, nondefining relative clauses tell us more about someone or something, but the information in these clauses does not help us to define what we are talking about. Note that a non identifying relative clause can be easily removed from the sentence.
Defining and nondefining relative clauses nondefining relative clauses. Relative clauses are like independent clauses because they contain subjects and verbs. In this lecture,you will learn defining and non defining relative clauses. Relative clauses learnenglish teens british council. Nondefining relative clauses give additional information about people, things or places. As the name suggests, defining relative clauses give essential information to define or identify the person or thing we are talking about. It isnt essential for understanding who or what we are talking about. Diagonal 26, 1r 1a 0006 arcelona edifici indsor, entre ia augusta i rambla catalunya seu 1 via ugusta 6 s. The islanders pick the tall reeds that grow at the sides of the lake and use them to make the islands. That cannot be used and even though there is a pronoun in the relative clause which cannot be left out because in non defining relative clauses the pronoun can never be left out. Defining and non defining relative clauses define or describe the noun or noun phrase that comes before them in the examples, the relative clause is in bold, and the person or thing that is referred to is underlined. Defining vs non defining relative clauses in a defining relative clause the information is essential to identify who or what we are talking about, whereas in non defining relative clauses we just add extra the information, which is not necessary.
Non defining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Hes going to show you the rooms that are available. Complete the sentences with whose, who, which, or where. We could miss out the relative and the meaning would still be clear. Nondefining relative clauses are placed after nouns which are definite already. Relative clauses give us information about the person or thing mentioned.
We use the relative pronouns who, which, whose, where and when in non. It does not identify the subject but rather provides extra information about it. Thank you for your letter, which i was very happy to get. The relative pronoun that can refer to both people and things. A defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes. Whats the difference between defining and nondefining. You have reached the section devoted to defining and non defining relative clauses which are some intimidating phrases so you might want to leave them out of your introduction and focus on the important stuff such as how to form and use them. A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about. School of english defining and nondefining relative clauses exercise school of english oficines centrals. Dublin, is the capital of ireland, is my favourite city. Mr brown, whom we studied english with, is a very nice. This smartphone, i bought last week, takes great photos. But merely add something to it by giving some more information about it.
Nondefining relative pronouns exercise three things about non defining relative clauses. We dont use that in non defining relative clauses, so we need to use which if the pronoun refers to a thing, and who if it refers to a person. The ring that was stolen from my room hasnt been found yet. As the name suggests, nondefining relative clauses tell us more about someone or something, but the information in these clauses does not help us to define. We dont use that in nondefining relative clauses but only who for people, which for things, whose possession, and where places. Defining clauses or phrases are not separated off with commas. Free definingnondefining relative clauses worksheets. In non defining sentences you neither omit the relative pronoun nor use that. Defining and nondefining relative clauses non defining in this sentence. The relative clause in the first sentence in called a defining clause as it defines, it tells us exactly which person or thing we are talking about.
In this sentence we are talking about all gorillas, not just some of them. The tour party was weakened when gordon hamilton withdrew yesterday because of a. There are two types of relative clauses 1 defining 2 non defining defining relative clauses specify a particular noun. Paul, who started singing at 15, is now very famous. When there is a preposition in a relative clause, this usually goes at the end of the sentence. If a non defining relative clause is removed from a sentence, we lose some detail, but the overall meaning of the sentence remains the same. A restrictive claus e or phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence. The boy who whom that you dont like much wants to talk to you. Differences between defining and nondefining relative clauses. Nondefining relative clauses are not used in spoken english. Defining clauses restrictive clauses a defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about.
Heres a list of all the relative clause exercises on the site. A non defining or non essential clause gives us more information about the person or thing we are talking about. Before we can identify the differences between defining and non defining clauses, its helpful to understand what a relative clause actually is. In nondefining relative clauses we put a comma before and after the main clause. Relative clauses defining and nondefining that, which. The tour party was weakened when gordon hamilton withdrew yesterday because of a back injury. It tells us more about someone or something, but do not define it. A nondefining relative clause also called non identifying relative clauses or non restrictive relative clauses provide interesting additional information which is not essential to understanding the meaning of the sentence. The relative clause is closed off by commas and is quite similar to information in brackets. The relative clause in the second sentence is called a non defining clause as it only gives us extra, non crucial information. That cannot be used in non identifying relative clauses. The pronoun cannot be left out because it is the subject of the relative clause. This presentation provides necessary explanations regarding defining and non defining relative clauses, relative pronouns and adverbs used, omission or relative pronouns etc. We cant drop the relative pronoun in this kind of clause, even if the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause.
We understand the subject, we know which lond slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Relative clauses exercise 4 perfect english grammar. Its usually just a phrase or clause, thats included as part of the main. They are most often used to define or identify the noun. Nondefining relative pronouns exercise three things about nondefining relative clauses. Sarah, who doesnt care about her future, is irresponsible. Nondefining relative clauses give us extra information about someone or something.
Our students can practise relative clauses defining and non defining with this exercise. We have a new feature to adapt to the new online teaching circumstances. Amelia, mother is from shanghai, speaks english and chinese fluently. Complete the sentences with whose, who, which, or where copyright oxford university press. English esl relative clauses powerpoint presentations. We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about someone or something information that we need in order to understand what or who is being referred to. Non defining relative clauses give us extra information about someone or something. Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who, that, which, whose, where, when. We use those to give extra information, which isnt absolutely necessary. The columns in the following table show the function of the relative pronoun, while the rows indicate whether the pronoun refers to a person or non person in the non defining relative clause. Learn more about using defining relative clauses correctly non defining clauses. They are seperated by commas in writing, and by a pause on either side. A power point explaining and drilling relative pronouns. Gorillas, which are large and originate in africa, can sometimes be found in zoos.
I hope your students will find the explanations easy to comprehend and the examples easy to remember. We use relative clauses to combine two simple sentences with the same noun phrases. Use who, that the girl who is the best in our class is nayad. Non defining relative clauses which we can leave out.
Exercise school of english defining and nondefining. A clause of this kind is essential to clear understanding of the noun. As the name suggests, a ndrc is a clause that provides supplementary information not defining information. It isnt essential for understanding who or what we are. We use commas to separate them from the rest of the sentence, unless they come. It was my exgirlfriend, who was from venezuela, that sold my car. That cannot be used and even though there is a pronoun in the relative clause which cannot be left out because in nondefining relative clauses the pronoun can never be left out.
Defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way as to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. Students solutions intermediate grammar exercise 1 defining relative clauses. Defining and nondefining relative clauses test english. The relative clause will follow one of these two patterns. Nondefining relative clauses non defining clauses add extra information. The relative pronoun can be the subject or the object of the relative clause. Defining relative clauses 1 in pdf here defining relative clauses 2 in pdf here defining relative clauses 3 in pdf here defining relative clauses 4 in pdf here go to the main relative clauses explanation page here. The information is essential in order to understand what or who is being referred to. Nondefining relative clauses english esl worksheets for. Mr brown, whom we studied english with, is a very nice teacher. Relative pronouns and clauses in english grammar exercises.
Non defining relative clauses are not used in spoken english. You will learn what they are and how to use them with the help of some exercises based on them. My brother who lives in cardiff is much older than me. A restrictive relative clause defines or limits the meaning of the word it. In this lesson we will learn the differences between defining and nondefining relative clauses. In defining clauses, we can omit the relative pronoun in the position of object. Relative clauses defining relative clauses grammar. They are not essential in the sentence and can be omitted without causing confusion. The pronoun can never be omitted in a nondefining relative clause. The pronouns that refer to persons are sometimes also used for animals, especially pets. Defining and non defining relative clauses,reduction of relative clauses and exercises covering this subject. Non defining relative clauses non defining clauses add extra information. To understand the distinctions between that and which it is necessary to understand defining restrictive and non defining non restrictive clauses learning these distinctions is one technical aspect of grammar that every user of english should understand, because it is at the root of an assortment of grammatical errors.
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